The two leaders also discussed the Turkish initiative to start tripartite consultations, according to an official report after the telephone conversation, published on Monday.

In addition, Putin and Erdogan noted the practical importance of the joint work of Russia, Türkiye and Iran within the framework of the ‘Astana process’ to promote talks on Syria.

The three nations act as guarantors of a peaceful solution to the conflict in the Arab country and, to this end, created a new format that was called ‘Astana process’, as the negotiations began in January 2017 in Astana, Kazakhstan’s capital).

Putin and Erdogan also discussed the fulfillment of the July 22, 2022 Istanbul agreements on the export of Ukrainian grain through Black Sea ports and the unblocking of food and fertilizer supplies from Russia.

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