The 30th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP30), which runs until the 21st, will be marked by the urgency of translating rhetoric into real commitments.

The forum, which ends this Friday, with the participation of 57 heads of state and government and 143 delegations from around the world, has served as a rehearsal for the most anticipated event on the environmental calendar.

The debates on this second and final day will revolve around the energy transition and the assessment of a decade of the Paris Agreement, with a focus on Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and climate finance, which remains insufficient to meet the magnitude of the challenge.

From the outset, Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva imbued the summit with a tone of moral and political urgency.

“Accelerating the energy transition and protecting nature are the two most effective ways to contain global warming,” he stated, noting that these goals will only be achievable if deforestation is reversed, dependence on fossil fuels is overcome, and resources are mobilized on a large scale.

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